Inland Empire (California)

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario
Map of Inland Empire

Common name: Inland Empire
Largest city Riverside
Other cities  - San Bernardino
 - Rancho Cucamonga
 - Ontario
 - Pomona
 - Claremont
 - Victorville
 - Murrieta
 - Temecula
 - Palm Springs
 - Twentynine Palms
Population  Ranked 14th in the U.S.
 - Total MSA - 4,026,135[1]
 - Density 147.5/sq. mi. 
56.9/km²
Area 27,298 sq. mi.
70,669 km²
State(s)  California
Elevation   
 - Highest point San Gorgonio Mountain 11,499 feet (3,507 m)
 - Lowest point Death Valley -220 feet (-67.1 m)

The Inland Empire (I.E.), colloquially known as the IE,[2][3] is an urban or metropolitan, depending on the definition used, area centered around the cities of Riverside and San Bernardino in Southern California. As an urban area it is the fifth largest in the State of California as of the 2000 Census and as a metropolitan area it is 3rd largest in California.

The United States Census Bureau defines the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario metropolitan area as consisting of Riverside and San Bernardino Counties, which some consider to be the Inland Empire (such as The New York Times[4][5]), residents of certain areas within the two counties, such as the Victor, Coachella, and Temecula Valleys, consider themselves separate from the IE.[6]

The Census Bureau-defined area (metropolitan area) covers more than 27,000 square miles (70,000 km2) and is part of the Greater Los Angeles Area. Home to over 4 million people, it is the third most populous metropolitan area in California and 14th most populous in the United States.[1] However most of the areas population is located in the southwest corner of the region bordering metropolitan Los Angeles.

The label Inland Empire evolved informally to distinguish the inland region of Southern California from the coastal regions of Southern California. At the end of the 19th century, the region was a major center of agriculture, including citrus, dairy, and wine-making. Agriculture declined through the 20th century, and since the 1970s a rapidly growing population, fed by families migrating in search of affordable housing, has led to more residential, commercial, and industrial development.

Contents

History

Drawing of San Bernardino (1852)

The region was inhabited for thousands of years, prior to the late 1700s, by the Tongva, Serrano, and Cahuilla Native Americans. With Spanish colonization and the subsequent Mexican era the area was sparsely populated at the land grant Ranchos, considering it unsuitable for missions. The first American settlers arrived over the Cajon Pass in 1851, a group of Mormon pioneers who were the first residents of San Bernardino. Although the Mormons left a scant six years later, recalled to Salt Lake City by Brigham Young during the church's Utah War with the U.S. government, other settlers soon followed.

The entire landmass of Southern California was subdivided according to the San Bernardino Meridian, which was first plotted as part of the Public Land Survey System in November 1852, by Col. Henry Washington. Base Line road, a major thoroughfare, today runs from Highland to San Dimas, intermittently along the absolute baseline coordinates plotted by Col. Washington.[7] San Bernardino County was first formed out of parts of Los Angeles County on April 26, 1853. While the partition once included what is today most of Riverside County, the region is not as monolithic as it may sound. Rivalries between Colton, Redlands, Riverside and San Bernardino over the location of the county seat in the 1890s caused each of them to form their own civic communities, each with their own newspapers. On August 14, 1893 the Senate allowed Riverside County to form out of land previously in San Bernardino and San Diego counties, after rejecting a bill for Pomona to split from LA County and become the seat of what would have been called San Antonio County.[8]

Arlington Heights Citrus Groves, Riverside circa 1903

The arrival of railroads and the importation of navel and Valencia orange trees in the 1870s touched off explosive growth, with the area quickly becoming a major center for citrus production.[9][10][11] This agricultural boom continued with the arrival of water from the Colorado River and the rapid growth of Los Angeles in the early 20th century, with dairy farming becoming another staple industry. In 1926, Route 66 (now known as Foothill Boulevard) came through the northern parts of the area, bringing a stream of tourists and migrants to the region. Still, the region endured as the key part of the Southern California "Citrus belt" until the end of World War II, when a new generation of real-estate developers bulldozed acres of agricultural land to build suburbs.[9] The precursor to the San Bernardino Freeway, the Ramona Expressway, was built in 1944, and further development of the freeway system facilitated the expansion of suburbs and human migration throughout the Inland Empire and Southern California.

The region experienced significant economic and population growth through most of the later half of the twentieth century. In the early 1990s, the loss of the region's military bases and reduction of nearby defense industries due to the end of the Cold War lead to a local economic downturn.[4][12] The region as a whole had partially recovered from this downturn by the turn of the century through the development of warehousing, shipping, logistics and retail industries, primarily centered around Ontario.[13] However, these industries have been heavily affected by the global late-2000s recession.[5]

Name origin

Yucca Valley, within the Morongo Basin, is halfway between the San Bernardino Valley and the Arizona State line.

The term "Inland Empire" is documented to have been used by the Riverside Enterprise newspaper (now The Press-Enterprise) as early as April 1914.[14] Developers in the area likely introduced the term to promote the region and to highlight the area's unique features. The "Inland" part of the name is derived from the region's location about 37 miles (60 km) inland from the Pacific Ocean (from Huntington Beach) and east of Downtown Los Angeles; it originally referred to the acres of citrus groves that once extended from Pasadena to Redlands during the early half of the 20th century.[15] The Inland Empire today is considered to stretch from the Los Angeles County - San Bernardino County border through the San Bernardino Valley, encompassing the San Bernardino Mountains and the high and low deserts to the Nevada and Arizona state lines.[6]

Geography

Physical geography

View of the San Bernardino Valley from the San Bernardino Mountains. The Santa Ana Mountains are visible in the distance.

Physical boundaries between Los Angeles and the Inland Empire from west to east are the San Jose Hills splitting the San Gabriel Valley from the Pomona Valley, leading to the urban populations centered in the San Bernardino Valley. From the south to north, the Santa Ana Mountains physically divide Orange County from San Bernardino and Riverside Counties. The Santa Rosa Mountains, as well as the Southern California portion of the Sonoran Desert, physically divide Riverside County from San Diego County.

[16] Other developed areas of the IE consist of the Chino Valley, Coachella Valley, Cucamonga Valley, Menifee Valley, Murrieta Valley, Perris Valley, Temecula Valley, and Victor Valley.

Elevations range from 11,499 feet (3,505 m) at the top of the San Gorgonio Mountain to 220 ft (-67.1 m) below sea level at the Salton Sea. The San Bernardino mountains are home to the San Bernardino National Forest and the resort communities of Big Bear Lake, Lake Arrowhead, and Running Springs. The Santa Ana River extends from Mt. San Gorgonio for nearly 100 miles (160 km) through San Bernardino, Riverside, and Orange counties before it eventually spills into the Pacific Ocean at Newport Beach and Huntington Beach. While temperatures are generally cool to cold in the mountains, it can get hot in the valleys. In the desert resort of Palm Springs, near Joshua Tree National Park, summer temperatures can reach well over 110 degrees.

Political geography

Major subregions of the Inland Empire, including the Victor Valley high desert

Los Angeles County and Orange County border the Inland Empire to the west; Inyo and Kern to the north, San Diego and Imperial County to the south and the States of Arizona and Nevada to the east.

Unlike most metropolitan areas that have grown up around a central city, the Inland Empire centers around two cities, Riverside and San Bernardino. Suburban sprawl spreads out to form a unified whole with Los Angeles, with further development encroaching past the mountains into the outlying desert areas. Interconnectivity provided by one of the most comprehensive freeway systems in the United States has eroded any sense of physical boundaries between the Inland Empire and Los Angeles county.

The Inland Empire has also been referred to, sometimes derogatorily, as the 909, after one of the region's larger area codes.[6][17] In 2004, because of growing demand for telephone numbers, most of Riverside County was granted a new area code, 951.[17]

Economics

Boxcars, Rialto, California

Inexpensive land prices (compared to Los Angeles and Orange Counties), a large supply of vacant land, and a transport network where many highways and railroads intersect have made the Inland Empire a major shipping hub. Some of the nation's largest manufacturing companies have chosen the Inland Empire for their distribution facilities including Toyota Motor Corporation's North American Parts and Logistics Distribution (NAPLD) center in Ontario and APL Logistics in Rancho Cucamonga. Whirlpool Corporation recently leased a 1,700,000-square-foot (160,000 m2) distribution center in Perris that is larger than 31 football fields and one of the biggest warehouses in the country.[18] These centers operate as part of the system that transports finished goods and materials from the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach to destinations to the north and east such as Las Vegas, Phoenix, and Denver. More than 80% percent of the state's imported cargo is shipped through the Los Angeles/Inland Empire Corridor.[19] However, with the global economic downturn, industrial vacancies have doubled from 6.2% in 2007 to 12.4% to 2008. In San Bernardino and Redlands, vacancies are as high as 22%.[20]

Although the region's large industries have been affected by the late-2000s recession, the Inland Empire is projected to remain California's fastest-growing region for some time to come.[21] Yet, the area is also projected to remain one of the least educated areas of the state with the lowest average in annual wages in the country.[21] A 2006 study of salaries in 51 metropolitan areas of the country ranked the Inland Empire second to last, with an average annual wage of $36,924.[21] However, inexpensive land prices and innovative institutional support networks have attracted some small businesses owners and technology start-ups into the area.[5]

While urbanization continues to cut into agricultural lands, the Inland Empire still produces substantial crops. Although 10,000 acres (40 km2) of irrigated land was lost between 2002 and 2004, agriculture still brought in more than $1.6 billion in revenues to the two-county region in 2006.[10]

Housing

Housing construction visible from the air in Fontana in San Bernardino county, since 1980 the city's population grew by 150,000 residents.

Since the 1950s, the area has evolved from a rural to a suburban environment. In addition to existing cities such as Riverside and San Bernardino, the region now comprises numerous suburban cities known as bedroom communities such as Rancho Cucamonga. Affordable home ownership is the primary motivation behind the growth in these Inland Empire communities as homes there are generally less expensive than comparable homes in Orange and Los Angeles Counties. The steady rise in population and the demand for housing has led to a dramatic increase in single-family residential construction on lots of 1/4 acre (1,000 m²) or more (as opposed to high-density development such as multi-level apartments or condominiums). Much of the vacant land is rapidly being developed to the chagrin of those who grew up living 'in the country'. In addition, much of the land that was used for agriculture is now being sold by their owners and being converted for use for more intensive purposes such shopping centers, industrial warehouses, etc. This continuous development, due to the various interests involved, has become seemingly unplanned and uncontrolled suburban sprawl.[22] The Inland Empire was declared the nation's worst example of sprawl according to a study by Smart Growth America in 2002.[23][24]

Foreclosures have risen by 3,500% since 2006.[25] In 2010, the area ranked fourth in the nation in the number of foreclosures, with one filing for every 133 households.[26] The city of Perris initiated a program to paint the brown lawns of abandoned homes green as a way to cut down on the appearance of blight.[27]

Retail

Retailing in the area has increased to keep abreast with the rapidly growing suburban population. The region is home to several large upscale shopping malls, including the Promenade Shops at Dos Lagos in Corona, Ontario Mills in Ontario, Promenade Mall in Temecula, Moreno Valley Mall in Moreno Valley, Victoria Gardens Mall in Rancho Cucamonga and the Inland Center mall in San Bernardino. In fiscal year 2006, retail sales in San Bernardino County grew by 11.9% to $31.2 billion, while sales in Riverside County were up 11.3% to $29.6 billion.[28]

Panorama of the "Town Square" at Victoria Gardens Mall in Rancho Cucamonga

Environmental quality

Smoggy haze in the Inland Empire.JPG Generally clear day in the Inland Empire.jpg
The Inland Empire is subject to smog conditions on a regular basis as seen here, looking south, from the north terminus of Haven Avenue in Rancho Cucamonga. Note how the street 'fades' into the smoggy haze and the Santa Ana Mountains are completely obscured. The Inland Empire is also subject to Santa Ana Winds that lead to generally clear days, free of smog or the marine layer. Note how the street that 'faded' into the smoggy haze and the Santa Ana Mountains that were completely obscured in the image to the left is now visible.

The result of this ongoing development has resulted in greater employment opportunities, increased affluence of the populace, and homeownership. Unfortunately, increased traffic congestion, degradation in air quality, and loss of open and environmentally sensitive land has been the negative result.[29] The solution to these problems is not simple. The presence of so many municipal jurisdictions within the Inland Empire which often have different 'visions' for their respective futures means that no two cities can mutually agree on a solution or, just as common, have unequal means for implementing one. The lack of an organized or unequal enforcement of existing laws and policies further undermines any solution that could be proposed. Lastly, the pace at which development occurs (fast) versus the ability of government to respond to changes (slow) means that it could easily take years, if not decades, for a viable solution (such as new roads, pollution controls, etc.) to go into effect.[30]

Air pollution

Air pollution, or suspended particulate matter locally generated from the increased number of automobiles in the area, from point sources such as factories, dust carried into the air by construction activity, and the contribution of similar pollutants from the Los Angeles area has regularly caused the Inland Empire to be at, or near, the bottom of many air quality ratings. In 2004, the EPA rated the San Bernardino-Riverside area as having the worst particulate air pollution in the United States (although the San Joaquin Valley in central California had the worst overall air pollution).[31] The air pollution problem is exacerbated by the region's location which is surrounded by mountain ranges to the north and east; the mountains 'contain' these aerosols which otherwise would be carried out of the region by the prevailing winds which typically flow from west to east.

Water pollution

Water pollution has also been found in the Santa Ana River and Cajon wash, and pollutants from the March Air Reserve Base and Stringfellow Acid Pits have contaminated much of the groundwater in Riverside County.[16] In 1997, perchlorate, a chemical used to produce explosives, was discovered to be seeping into the groundwater under Rialto in a plume that continues to grow. In 2007, the Rialto City council petitioned the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for Superfund status to clean up the origin site. The sites comprising March Air Reserve Base, Norton Air Force Base and the Stringfellow Acid Pits have already been classified as EPA Superfund toxic waste sites.[32]

Transportation

I-10, 215 Interchange traffic, south of downtown in San Bernardino.

Traffic congestion problems on the roadways, as with elsewhere in Southern California, is, simply stated, the result of the steady increase in the number of vehicles and a transportation infrastructure network that has not been expanded accordingly. Many of the existing freeways were completed in the late 1970s. With the exception of the segment of the Foothill Freeway, State Route 210 (SR 210) between San Dimas and San Bernardino recently completed in July, 2007. New freeways or highways "Fix Up's" are indeed being planned, such as the expansion of the length of the 215 freeway around Inland Center Mall, and the bridges connecting the 215 and 60 freeways. Another problem is the jobs vs. housing imbalance. In general, most of the higher paying jobs are located in Los Angeles and Orange County. Thus, workers must commute daily up to two hours (each direction) on the existing network. As the population increases, the problem is most certainly going to increase as well. Forbes Magazine recently ranked the area first in its list of America's most unhealthy commutes, beating out every other major metropolitan area in the country, as Inland area drivers breathe the unhealthiest air and have the highest rate of fatal auto accidents per capita.[33]

According to a 1999 report by the Surface Transportation Policy Project, the Inland Empire lead in fatal crashes caused by road rage.[34][35] The theft of copper, brass and other metals from highway and road fixtures has also led to decreased public safety on IE roads and freeways.[36] Gas siphoning has also been noted as a problem for vehicles left unattended in the region.[37]

Public transportation

Metrolink train at Fontana station.

The Bi-County region, unlike many major metropolitan areas, does not have access to suitable public transportation. Less than 5% of the IE's 1,249,224 working-age residents use public transportation to get to work each day.[38] Omnitrans is the largest commuter in San Bernardino County, while the Riverside Transit Agency is the largest in Riverside County. Metrolink commuter rail provides service to many points throughout the Inland Empire and into Los Angeles. Riverside and San Bernardino are the two transportation hubs of the Inland Empire.

Airports

Three major airports serve the Inland Empire Metropolitan Area: Ontario, Palm Springs, and San Bernardino. However there are many general aviation airports across the Bi-County region.

Airport IATA code ICAO code County
Ontario International Airport ONT KONT San Bernardino
Palm Springs International Airport PSP KPSP Riverside
San Bernardino International Airport SBD KSBD San Bernardino

Demographics

Historical populations
Census Pop. %±
1900 45,826
—
1910 91,402 99.5%
1920 123,698 35.3%
1930 214,924 73.7%
1940 266,632 24.1%
1950 451,688 69.4%
1960 809,782 79.3%
1970 1,143,146 41.2%
1980 1,558,182 36.3%
1990 2,588,793 66.1%
2000 3,254,821 25.7%
Est. 2008 4,115,871 26.5%

The Inland Empire is described as a Metropolitan Statistical Area by the U.S. Census Bureau, notated as Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA. With 4.1 million people, it is the 14th largest metropolitan area in the United States. In addition, according to the 2000 Census, it is the fastest growing area in the state. Between 1990 and 2000, Riverside and San Bernardino counties added 700,000 to their population totals, an increase of 26%.[38] Between 2000 and 2008 Inland Empire's population expanded by 861,000 or 26.5%. According to census bureau's 2005-2007 estimates 61.79% of the population was White (40.41% White Non-Hispanic), 7.49% Black, 5.74% Asian and 24.98% of other or mixed race. 43.90% were Hispanic of any race. 21.92 % of the population was foreign born.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that in 2006, 33.1% of people in the Greater San Bernardino Area were overweight, and 30.8% were obese. Forbes Magazine ranks the area as the fourth fattest in the country.[39]

A substantial majority of residents (76.6%), last comparatively surveyed in 2001, rated their respective counties as good places to live. Over 81% of Riverside County residents indicated that their county is a very good or fairly good place to live, while about 72% of residents in San Bernardino County felt the same way. Survey respondents cited "nice living area," "good climate," and "affordable housing" as the top positive factors in assessing their respective communities. Smog was by far the most important negative factor affecting respondents’ ratings in both counties, while traffic was the 2nd highest concern in Riverside County and crime the 2nd highest concern among San Bernardino County residents.[40]

Politics

While the region as a whole has traditionally leaned more Republican than the rest of California, newer residents are less likely to identify with the Republican party than longer-term residents (36 percent to 42 percent), and the total number of residents identifying with the Democrats (34%) now slightly edges over the number identifying with the Republican party (33%). In fact, in the 2008 presidential election, Democratic candidate Barack Obama carried both Riverside and San Bernardino counties, becoming only the second Democrat to carry both counties since Lyndon Johnson in 1964. However, voting rates are lower than in the rest of the state, and as the population grows there is also a trend away from civic engagement entirely. Among more recent residents, only 19% belong to civic organizations and 9% have served as a volunteer in a community organization. By contrast, 28% of long-term residents belong to community organizations and 15% have volunteered. Whites and African Americans have the highest participation rates for nearly every type of political activity, while Latinos and Asian Americans lag significantly behind other groups in terms of volunteerism and organizational membership. However, the 2006 immigration protests have significantly boosted political participation among Latinos, with nearly one in seven participating in demonstrations and marches that year.[41]

Religion

The Redlands California Temple is one of four LDS temples in Southern California.

78% of Inland residents view themselves as Christians. 39% identify as Roman Catholic, 14% as Protestant, and 25% as some other type of Christian. (36% of total Inland Christians view themselves as "born again".) 1% of the population are Jewish, 6% belong to some other religion, and 14% profess no religion. 27% of Inland residents attend some form of religious service once a week, 14% attend more than once a week, 15% once a month, and 14% only attend services on major religious holidays.[41][42]

Crime

While the crime index in Riverside and Ontario tends slightly over the national average, San Bernardino has a crime index consistently near or over twice that of the national average.[43][44][45][46] Reflecting nation-wide trends, violent crime in the region overall declined or remained consistent in 2009, despite the recession. In the city of Riverside, 14 homicides occurred in 2009, down from 20 in 2008, its highest total since 2003. All but three cases resulted in arrests. In San Bernardino, by contrast, 32 killings occurred in 2009, a number identical to 2008, but only a third of cases in San Bernardino led to arrests, due to a lack of witness cooperation in that city.[47]

Latino gangs have been active in the region since the area's citrus days while a continual migration of African American gangs from LA has flowed into the area since the Watts Riots.[8][48] The increased diversity in the region between 1990 and 2000 is also associated with a 20% increase in hate crime in the same period, mostly ascribed to increased gang activity.[49][50] According to data from the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting program, taken together, Riverside and San Bernardino counties showed a total of 51,237 crimes reported to county police/sheriffs (but not to city or other agencies) in 2006; this combined total exceeded the totals for all other California counties—considered individually—except for Sacramento.[51]

The region has also been noted as a center of methamphetamine production.[52] The Riverside and San Bernardino county sheriffs' departments busted 635 meth labs in 2000; law enforcement has driven most of the meth production industry to Mexico since 2007, but many of the homes discovered to have been used as meth labs before 2006 have since been sold on the market before California law required rigorous decontamination, leading to a legacy of health hazards for unsuspecting renters and home-buyers in the area.[53]

Education

California State University, San Bernardino
University of California, Riverside

There is a trend of lower educational attainment in the IE, which starts early. Only 37% of 3- and 4-year olds in the region are enrolled in pre-school, with only one school in the region for every 343 children, as compared to 48% enrollment in San Diego County. 35% of the IE's ninth graders do not graduate from high school, and only 37% of its college age residents enroll in a post-secondary education program of some sort. Only 24% of the IE's adult residents have attained a college degree or better. 25% do not possess a high school diploma.[38] According to CSUSB President Al Karnig, "We have a very low college attendance rate that is scantly above half of what the average is in other states. We have only have about 20 percent college graduates in the Inland Empire while the average in other states is 38 percent."[54][55] 21 inland area high schools rank in the top 100 in California for producing dropouts.[56]

Of Inland residents 25 years and over in 2004, Asians were the best educated. 44.4% had bachelor’s or higher degrees, and nearly 70% had at least attended college. Among Whites, 22.8% had 4-year degrees or higher, and 60.8% at least attended college. In the African American community, the number with bachelor’s or higher degree was 21.3%, and 65.2% had either a community college degree or had attended college. Only 6.9% of Hispanic adults had a 4-year or higher degree, and only 30.2% attended college at all.[57]

Among students transferring from Inland community colleges to private schools in 2004-05, the most frequent choice was the University of Phoenix.[58]

Employment

While the Inland Empire led the state in job-growth with 275,000 new jobs between 1990 and 2000, most are in comparatively low-tech fields. San Bernardino and Riverside counties are primarily host to service and manufacturing- or warehousing-oriented industries. Food and administrative services employ the most people in the Inland Empire, while for the state of California, the top industries are in administrative services and professional, scientific and hi-tech-oriented fields. 79.8% of the IE's job growth from 1990-2003 was in service-sector jobs.[59] Low-wage industries are abundant in the IE, and the high-tech and professional industries that are in the area actually pay more in other regions of California. As many as one-third of working adults commute out of the 27,000-square-mile (70,000 km2) region to find work, the highest proportion of any area in the country. Adding to gridlock, less than 5% of the IE's 1,249,224 working-age residents use public transportation to get to work each day. 14.5% carpool, while 79.7% typically drive alone to work in their cars.[38] In 2007, the region had an unemployment rate of 6.1%, while overall jobless claims in California were at 5.4 percent and 4.4 percent nationally.[60] In 2008, unemployment in the area increased to 9.5%, "3 percentage points higher than the national rate and 1.3 points higher than the state's rate of 8.2%."[61] Unemployment reached an all-time high of 15% percent in 2010, second in the nation only to Detroit among metropolitan areas with populations over 1 million.[62]

Culture

Lamb of God playing at Ozzfest at the San Manuel Amphitheater in Devore, San Bernardino, 2007.

Various locations in the Inland Empire provide venues for cultural performances and entertainment. The Victoria Gardens Cultural Center, which is owned and operated by the City of Rancho Cucamonga, opened in the Fall of 2006 providing theatre, concerts and family entertainment to the region. The San Manuel Amphitheater in San Bernardino's Devore neighborhood is the nation's largest outdoor amphitheater. Ontario Mills draws more visitors annually than Disneyland, and San Bernardino's "Route 66 Rendezvous (the largest classical carshow in the US)," an annual street fair and classic car show, draws a half-million people from around the world.[63]

Music

At 330 feet (101 m) high, the Morongo Casino, Resort & Spa tower is the tallest building in the Inland Empire. Concerts and events are booked inside.

Established bands from the IE include Alien Ant Farm, The Bellrays, and the Voodoo Glow Skulls, from Riverside, and Cracker from Redlands. House music pioneer DJ Lynnwood got his start at the age of ten spinning records at KUOR in Redlands. Local hip-hop artists such as Saint Dog, Suga Free, and Lighter Shade of Brown have brought about some attention to the growing rap community in and around the area. A number of artists associated with the Palm Desert Scene have forged a new genre, "Desert rock". A Danish record label, Musikministeriet, recently opened up an office in Redlands in hopes of further cultivating the IE music scene.[64]

Frank Zappa performed in Upland on Foothill Boulevard during the early 1960s where he played shows on a makeshift stage for college crowds. Zappa also purchased Pal Recording Studio on Archibald Avenue in Rancho Cucamonga where the Surfaris had recorded the surf music classic "Wipe Out." He dubbed it Studio Z and began making recordings which eventually led to the founding of Zappa's group, the Mothers of Invention. Singer Ray Collins of the Mothers of Invention still lives in the area. Zappa specifically mentions Inland Empire in the song "Billy the Mountain."

From the late 80s until the late 90s, many up-and-coming musical acts, such as Rage Against the Machine, Blink-182 and No Doubt cut their teeth playing venues in Riverside.[65] However, these historic venues (Spanky's Cafe, and the De Anza Theatre) have since been closed and converted to other purposes. The Barn at UCR was closed as a music venue for 10 years but beginning in October 2008 KUCR Radio 88.3 FM, ASPB The Associated Student Program Board with funding from UCR Housing began having a free concert series once a week during the school quarter. Emerging music venues in the IE include the Showcase Theatre in Corona (recently closed), Red Planet Records in Riverside, the Vault in Redlands, the Buffalo Inn and The Wire in Upland, the Twins Club in Rancho Cucamonga, the Press Restaurant in Claremont, the Glass House in Pomona, Back To The Grind Coffee Shop in Riverside, and CommonGround Soundstage in Riverside.[66]

Performing arts

Orchestras in the IE include the Redlands Symphony, which performs at the University of Redlands, the Riverside County Philharmonic, which performs at the Riverside Municipal Auditorium, the San Bernardino Symphony, which performs at the California Theatre, and the Victor Valley Symphony, which performs at Victor Valley College. Theatrical Arts International is housed at the California Theatre as well. With the largest subscriber base in the Inland Empire, Theatrical Arts International presents the largest caliber tours available including such blockbusters as Cats, Hairspray, Mamma Mia, and Miss Saigon. There are many other large theater programs in the community. At Colton High School, they have a very large theater program that puts on shows in the fall and in the spring on one of the largest High School stages in the Inland Empire.

Sports

The Inland Empire is home to numerous minor league baseball, basketball teams and one ice hockey team based in Ontario. The Inland Empire team with most championships is the Inland Empire 66ers of San Bernardino.[67] The Auto Club Speedway, located in Fontana, opened in 1997. It contains an oval, a road course and a dragstrip for auto racing. The Speedway is located approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) from the former Ontario Motor Speedway site. The Riverside International Raceway, another defunct motorsport venue, was located about 7 miles (11 km) east of Riverside.

Club League Venue Established Championships
Inland Empire 66ers of San Bernardino CaL, Baseball Arrowhead Credit Union Park 1941 5
High Desert Mavericks CaL, Baseball Stater Bros. Stadium 1993 3
Lake Elsinore Storm CaL, Baseball Lake Elsinore Diamond 1994 2
Rancho Cucamonga Quakes CaL, Baseball The Epicenter 1993 1
Ontario Reign ECHL, Ice hockey Citizens Business Bank Arena 2008 0
Inland Empire 5LINX ABA, Basketball N/A 2008 0
Riverside Rage ABA, Basketball Riverside City College 2009 0

Media

Newspapers

The Inland Empire is served by three major local newspapers. The San Bernardino County Sun, which serves primarily the San Bernardino Valley region, and the Inland Valley Daily Bulletin, both owned by MediaNews Group. The Riverside-based Press-Enterprise also has a few editions over the area. For the High Desert, The Daily Press is the local newspaper. Palm Springs and the greater Coachella Valley are served by The Desert Sun. There is also an Inland Empire edition of the Los Angeles Times.Yes We Can Newspaper provides local news related content for the Inland Empire with concentration on Fontana, Riverside, Moreno Valley, Ontario, Montclair, and Rancho Cucamonga. The Westside Story Newspaper is a local San Bernardino paper published by Wallace Allen for and about the African-American community.

Radio

The Inland Empire is ranked 26th (June 2008) in the national radio market.[68] San Bernardino classic hits station KOLA 99.9 has the biggest reach of all Inland Empire stations, the strength of its signal carrying it as far south as San Diego, as far north as Kern County, to the northwest to Ventura County, and east to Indio and Salton Sea. KFRG, more commonly referred to as K-Frog is a country music station. KCAL-FM is known as 96-7 KCAL Rocks and plays rock music. X103.9 KCXX represents the alternative rock radio format in the area. KVCR (FM) 91.9 is one of the Inland Empire's public radio station, broadcasting NPR, BBC World Service and other public radio programming. KCAA 1050 AM Radio provides locally produced news/talk/music programming and is the NBC News Radio station for the area with top broadcasters Don Imus, Paul Lane, Ed Schultz, Lou Dobbs, Barb Stanton, Roseanne Barr and features radio veterans Fred Plimley & Steven Naranjo Jr. - Your Music Team every Saturday from 1-4:00 PM. KUCR Radio 88.3 FM in Riverside is the radio voice of The University of California at Riverside & is a non-commercial student operated & funded media organization located on the campus of UCR. KUCR FM has been broadcasting intelligent, diverse & eclectic music, news & public affairs programming since 1966. KSPC 88.7 FM in Claremont is a non-commercial media organization funded by Pomona College & operated by Clarement College students & local community members since 1956. During the first dedicatory broadcast of KSPC it was stated that the purpose of the station was to provide “a desirable type of programming not readily available in this area."

Television

While the Inland Empire has television channels licensed to their cities, only PBS member station KVCR-TV broadcasts directly to the Inland Empire. The other channels broadcast to the greater Southern California market. The Inland Empire's source for most of its television is Los Angeles. The southern section of the Inland Empire may have San Diego television as their main source. In some areas just east of Yucaipa, primary television coverage is from the Palm Springs market.

Film

While there are no large film production companies or studios based in the Inland Empire, on-location shoots accounted for a total economic impact of $65.2 million in the two-county region in 2006.[69] From 1994 to 2005, filming accounted for over a billion dollars ($1,228,977,456) in total revenues spent in the area. Some famous films shot in the Inland Empire include Executive Decision, U-Turn, Erin Brockovich, and The Fast and the Furious.[70]

While the David Lynch film Inland Empire is named after the region, no scenes were actually shot in the Inland Empire.[6]

Incorporated cities

Riverside County
Cities		 Year
Incorporated		 Population,
2007[28]		 Median Income,
2009[28]
Banning 1913 28,272 $40,073
Beaumont 1912 28,250 $46,703
Blythe 1916 22,178 $36,883
Calimesa 1990 7,415 $56,531
Canyon Lake 1990 10,939 $84,324
Cathedral City 1981 51,081 $43,792
Corona 1896 144,661 $145,497
Coachella 1946 35,207 $35,797
Desert Hot Springs 1963 22,011 $36,397
Hemet 1910 69,544 $33,924
Indian Wells 1967 144,865 $116,718
Indio 1930 71,654 $47,708
Lake Elsinore 1888 40,985 $55,179
La Quinta 1982 38,340 $74,452
Menifee 2008 77,984 N/A
Moreno Valley 1984 174,565 $55,604
Murrieta 1991 92,933 $74,775
Norco 1964 27,262 $81,182
Palm Desert 1973 49,539 $51,999
Palm Springs 1938 46,437 $43,615
Perris 1911 47,139 $49,675
Rancho Mirage 1973 16,672 $76,642
Riverside 1883 287,820 $54,099
San Jacinto 1888 31,066 $42,772
Temecula 1989 93,923 $75,335
Wildomar 2008 N/A N/A
San Bernardino County
Cities		 Year
Incorporated		 Population,
2007[28]		 Median Income,
2006[28]
Adelanto 1970 27,139 $42,210
Apple Valley 1988 70,297 $48,946
Barstow 1947 23,943 $39,564
Big Bear Lake 1981 6,207 $42,512
Chino 1910 81,224 $70,283
Chino Hills 1991 78,668 $103,404
Colton 1887 51,797 $42,665
Fontana 1952 181,640 $61,752
Grand Terrace 1978 12,380 $68,098
Hesperia 1988 85,876 $48,244
Highland 1987 52,186 $54,153
Loma Linda 1970 22,451 $52,272
Montclair 1956 36,622 $56,147
Needles 1913 5,759 $32,431
Ontario 1891 172,701 $55,781
Rancho Cucamonga 1977 172,331 $78,452
Redlands 1888 71,375 $63,463
Rialto 1911 99,064 $40,659
San Bernardino 1854 205,010 $31,405
Twentynine Palms 1987 24,830 $36,471
Upland 1906 75,169 $61,044
Victorville 1962 102,538 $50,531
Yucaipa 1989 51,784 $50,529
Yucca Valley 1991 21,044 $38,092
Inland Empire Principal Cities Gallery

View of the snowy San Bernardino Mountains with downtown San Bernardino in the foreground. Winter 2004.

View of downtown Riverside from Mount Rubidoux with the Box Springs Mountain in the background. Winter 2006.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Annual Estimates of the Population of Combined Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006" (CSV). 2006 Population Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. April 7, 2007. http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metro_general/2006/CBSA-EST2006-02.csv. Retrieved 2007-12-02. 
  2. ↑ http://www.pe.com/sports/motorsports/stories/PE_Sports_Local_W_supercross_13.4358abe.html
  3. ↑ http://www.highlandnews.net/articles/2010/02/26/news/doc4b8874362a049473407768.txt
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Mydans, Seth (1993-08-26). "With a Boom in the Desert Over, Transplants Are Feeling Stranded". New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. http://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/26/us/with-a-boom-in-the-desert-over-transplants-are-feeling-stranded.html. Retrieved 2009-07-08. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Flanigan, James (2009-01-15). "Businesses Find a Silver Lining in Inland California’s Downturn". New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/15/business/smallbusiness/15edge.html?pagewanted=1&sq=inland%20empire&st=cse&scp=7. Retrieved 2009-07-08. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Rosenblatt, Susannah (2006-11-27). "`Inland' for sure, `Empire' maybe: Where's the boundary?". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. http://articles.latimes.com/2006/nov/27/local/me-inlandempire27. Retrieved 2009-07-08. 
  7. ↑ Davis, Mike (April 7, 2003). 'The Inland Empire '. The Nation. http://www.thenation.com/doc/20030407/davis. Retrieved 2007-11-25. . The baseline and meridian intersect at .
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "History timeline of the Inland Empire, California". San Bernardino County Sun. 2007-10-30. http://www.sbsun.com/empireday_3/ci_7323066. Retrieved 2007-11-15. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Ruther, Walter; Calavan, E. Clair; Carman, Glen E. (1989). "The Origins of Citrus Research in California" (PDF). The Citrus Industry (Oakland: Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California) V (Chapter 5). http://lib.ucr.edu/agnic/webber/citrus_history.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-21. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Petrix, Mark (October 30, 2007). "From two orange trees Sprang an Empire". Daily Bulletin. http://www.dailybulletin.com/ci_7335226. Retrieved 2007-11-15. 
  11. ↑ Sorba, Michael (October 30, 2007). "Rails reach the Inland Empire". Daily Bulletin. http://www.dailybulletin.com/ci_7334178. Retrieved 2007-11-27. 
  12. ↑ Rundel, Rhonda (2008-10-07). "California Officials Try to Avoid Second Housing Hit". Wall Street Journal (Dow Jones & Company, Inc.): pp. A8. ISSN 0099-9660. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122334317101810201.html. Retrieved 2009-07-23. 
  13. ↑ Howard, Bob (2001-10-02). "Building on Ontario's Success". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. http://articles.latimes.com/2001/oct/02/business/fi-52322. Retrieved 2009-07-08. 
  14. ↑ Wagner, Rob Leicester. "Sleeping Giant: An illistrated history of Southern California's Inland Empire". Stephen's Press, LLC, 2005. ISBN 1-932173-07-2.
  15. ↑ Giovannini, Joseph (1985-07-07). "AN INLAND EMPIRE BUILT ON ORANGES". New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. http://www.nytimes.com/1985/07/07/travel/an-inland-empire-built-on-oranges.html?&pagewanted=print. Retrieved 2009-07-08. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Mian, Lal S. (December, 2000) (PDF). Inland Empire Environmental Quality Paradigm. San Bernardino: Department of Health Science and Human Ecology, California State University, San Bernardino. http://partnerships.csusb.edu/fellowshipReports/99-00%20Mian%20Final%20Report.pdf. Retrieved 2007-12-16. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Lopas, Matthew (2004-07-12). "Some Flee ‘the 909’ to a New Area Code". Los Angeles Times (Tribune Company): pp. B–1. http://articles.latimes.com/2004/jul/12/local/me-areacode12. Retrieved 2009-01-20. 
  18. ↑ Roger, Vincent (November 15, 2007). "Inland Empire warehouse deals". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-warehouses15nov15,1,2461798.story?ctrack=2&cset=true. Retrieved 2007-12-01. 
  19. ↑ Pitchford, Phil; Miller, Jim (November 28, 2007). "$1.7 billion allotted to five-county region for highway, rail projects". Press Enterprise. http://www.pe.com/localnews/inland/stories/PE_News_Local_D_tcif28.33199ca.html. Retrieved 2007-12-01. 
  20. ↑ Vincent, Roger (2009-02-03). "Boom in Inland Empire industrial space is beginning to go bust". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. http://articles.latimes.com/2009/feb/03/business/fi-industrial3. Retrieved 2009-07-08. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Kelly, David (2008-04-10). "Inland Empire's growth to continue". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. http://articles.latimes.com/2008/apr/10/local/me-growth10. Retrieved 2009-07-08. 
  22. ↑ Conference Transcripts (2005). "Smart Growth on the Edge: Suburban Planning and Development for the Next 20 Years". Opolis: an International Journal of Suburban and Metropolitan Studies (Berkeley and Oakland: bepress and eScholarship Repository, California Digital Library) 1 (2): 62–68. http://repositories.cdlib.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1009&context=cssd/opolis. Retrieved 2007-12-17. 
  23. ↑ Gould, Scott (2002-10-18). "Swallowed by Sprawl". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. http://articles.latimes.com/2002/oct/18/local/me-sprawl18. Retrieved 2009-07-08. 
  24. ↑ "MEASURING SPRAWL AND ITS IMPACT, The Character & Consequences of Metropolitan Expansion". Smart Growth America. 2002. http://www.smartgrowthamerica.org/sprawlindex/sprawlexecsum.html. Retrieved 2009-07-08. 
  25. ↑ Kelly, David (2008-10-30). "Inland Empire economic outlook is grim". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. http://articles.latimes.com/2008/oct/30/local/me-forecast30. Retrieved 2009-07-08. 
  26. ↑ Berkman, Leslie (2010-03-11). "Fewer foreclosures despite mortgage trouble". Press-Enterprise. http://www.pe.com/business/local/stories/PE_Biz_W_foreclosures11.41b01dd.html. Retrieved 11 March 2010. 
  27. ↑ W. Gang, Duane (2009-06-27). "Inland region battles for image amid media attention". Press Enterprise. ISSN 0746-1859. http://www.pe.com/politics/gang/stories/PE_News_Local_S_ieimage28.38c31c6.html. Retrieved 2009-07-14. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 Husing, John (October 2007). "Inland Empire City Profile 2007" (PDF). Inland Empire Quarterly Economic Report (Redlands: Economics & Politics, Inc) 19 (4). http://www.johnhusing.com/QER%20Oct%202007%20web.pdf. Retrieved 2007-12-01. 
  29. ↑ Oversight Field Hearing, Committee on Resources, US House of Representatives (September 10, 2004, in Fontana, California). "Examining Impacts of the Endangered Species Act on Southern California's Inland Empire" (PDF). One Hundredth Eighth Congress, Second Session. Fontana: U.S. Government Printing Office. http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=108_house_hearings&docid=f:95902.pdf. Retrieved 2007-12-17. 
  30. ↑ Newell, Jason (November 11, 2006). "Inland Empire faces challenges, opportunities in years ahead". San Bernardino County Sun. http://www.sbsun.com/search/ci_4638899?IADID=Search-www.sbsun.com-www.sbsun.com. Retrieved 2007-11-26. 
  31. ↑ Supryia, Ray (2006) (PDF). Plagued by Pollution: Unsafe Levels of Soot Pollution in 2004. Los Angeles: Environment California Research & Policy Center. http://www.environmentcalifornia.org/uploads/R-/oF/R-oFUKy2ysvz3KLzq5jIDQ/Plagued_by_Pollution.pdf. Retrieved 2007-12-16. 
  32. ↑ Pesick, Jason (2007-12-04). "Rialto seeks Superfund designation for perchlorate". Press Enterprise. http://www.pe.com/localnews/inland/stories/PE_News_Local_B_bpollute05.8b521f.html. Retrieved 2007-12-16. 
  33. ↑ Van Dusen, Alison (2007-11-26). "America's Unhealthy Commutes". Forbes Magazine. http://www.forbes.com/lifestyle/2007/07/23/health-commute-pollution-forbeslife-cx_avd_0724commute.html. Retrieved 2007-12-09. 
  34. ↑ Larry, Gordon (1999-03-09). "Inland Empire Leads in Fatal Road Rage". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. http://articles.latimes.com/1999/mar/09/news/mn-15519. Retrieved 2009-07-09. 
  35. ↑ "Aggressive Driving: Where you live Matters". Surface Transportation Policy Project. 1999-04-01. http://www.transact.org/report.asp?id=58. Retrieved 2009-07-09. 
  36. ↑ Kelly, David (2008-04-30). "Thefts of copper, brass and other metals hit Inland Empire freeways". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. http://articles.latimes.com/2008/apr/30/local/me-metal30. Retrieved 2009-07-08. 
  37. ↑ Hennessy-Fiske, Molly (2008-09-25). "Gas siphoning a growing problem in Inland Empire". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. http://articles.latimes.com/2008/sep/25/local/me-siphon25. Retrieved 2009-07-08. 
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 Tornatzky, Louis; Barreto, Matt A. (2004) (PDF). Economic Development and the Knowledge Economy in California's Inland Empire: Progress or Stagnation?. Los Angeles: Thomás Rivera Policy Institute, University of Southern California, School of Policy, Planning, and Development. http://www.trpi.org/PDFs/IE.pdf. Retrieved 2007-11-10. 
  39. ↑ Edwards, Andrew (November 29, 2007). "I.E. sees heavy growth - in fatness". San Bernardino County Sun. http://www.sbsun.com/search/ci_7585339. Retrieved 2007-12-09. 
  40. ↑ Bockman, Shell; Neiman, Max; Sirotnik, Barbara (2001) (PDF). 2001 Inland Empire Annual Survey. San Bernardino: Inland Empire Research Consortium. http://iar.csusb.edu/2001%20Final%20Full%20Report%20All.pdf. Retrieved 2007-12-17. 
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 Ramakrishnan, Karthick (July, 2007) (PDF). Survey of Civil and Political Engagement in the Inland Empire. Riverside: Department of Political Science, University of California, Riverside. http://www.politicalscience.ucr.edu/reports/iesurvey-jul2007.pdf. Retrieved 2007-11-27. 
  42. ↑ Wells Miller, Bettye (July 24, 2005). "Growing devotions". The Press Enterprise. http://www.pe.com/religion/stories/PE_News_Local_D_godmain24.408c852.html. Retrieved 2008-01-30. 
  43. ↑ "San Bernardino, California, Detailed Profile". City-Data.com. http://www.city-data.com/city/San-Bernardino-California.html. Retrieved 2007-11-24. 
  44. ↑ "Riverside, California, Detailed Profile". City-Data.com. http://www.city-data.com/city/Riverside-California.html. Retrieved 2007-11-24. 
  45. ↑ "Ontario, California, Detailed Profile". City-Data.com. http://www.city-data.com/city/Ontario-California.html. Retrieved 2007-11-24. 
  46. ↑ Rogers, Robert (2007-11-27). "Experts advise SB leaders on parolees". San Bernardino County Sun. http://www.sbsun.com/search/ci_7573553?IADID=Search-www.sbsun.com-www.sbsun.com. Retrieved 2007-11-27. 
  47. ↑ Larocco, Paul (2010-01-08). "Inland's largest cities log lower or near-identical killing totals in 2009". Press Enterprise (A. H. Belo). http://www.pe.com/localnews/sanbernardino/stories/PE_News_Local_W_homicide09.37d8122.html. Retrieved 2010-01-19. 
  48. ↑ Matthews, Will (2004-09-26). "Roots of youth violence". San Bernardino County Sun. http://lang.sbsun.com/socal/gangs/articles/ivdbp1_main.asp. Retrieved 2007-11-27. 
  49. ↑ Holthouse, David (Fall, 2005). "California Conflict". Intelligence Report (Southern Poverty Law Center). http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?pid=956. Retrieved 2007-11-27. 
  50. ↑ Silva, David (2007-05-03). "War on Hate, Brian Levin and the changing face of extremist groups in the IE". Inland Empire Weekly. http://www.ieweekly.com/cms/story/detail/?id=581&menu=Story. Retrieved 2007-12-12. 
  51. ↑ Table 10 (California) - Crime in the United States 2006
  52. ↑ Shafer, Jack (2005-08-04). "The Meth Capital of the World, Where is it?". Slate. The Washington Post Company. http://www.slate.com/id/2124051/. Retrieved 2009-04-30. 
  53. ↑ Quan, Douglas; Jose Arballo Jr. (2008-05-16). "METH'S LEGACY: Most drug labs may be gone from the Inland area, but the contamination remains". Press Enterprise (A. H. Belo). http://www.pe.com/reports/2008/methlegacy/stories/PE_News_Local_D_methlegacy18.165fbe2.html. Retrieved 2009-04-30. 
  54. ↑ Kennedy-Ross, Selicia (October 17, 2007). "What's in the future for I. E. universities?". San Bernardino County Sun. http://www.sbsun.com/search/ci_7342616?IADID=Search-www.sbsun.com-www.sbsun.com. Retrieved 2007-10-20. 
  55. ↑ An, Caroline (November 10, 2006). "Inland Empire college-going rate among California's lowest". San Bernardino County Sun. http://www.sbsun.com/search/ci_4639260?IADID=Search-www.sbsun.com-www.sbsun.com. Retrieved 2007-11-25. 
  56. ↑ Parsavand, Shirin (February 21, 2008). "21 Inland schools rank in top 100 for dropouts". Press Enterprise. http://www.pe.com/localnews/k12/stories/PE_News_Local_S_dropout21.446107b.html. Retrieved 2008-02-21. 
  57. ↑ Husing, John (July 2006). "Inland Empire's Growing Diversity" (PDF). Inland Empire Quarterly Economic Report (Redlands: Economics & Politics, Inc) 18 (3). http://www.johnhusing.com/QER%20July%202006%20web.pdf. Retrieved 2007-12-01. 
  58. ↑ Regus, Elaine (2007-12-31). "Inland Higher Education Notes". Press Enterprise. http://www.pe.com/localnews/highereducation/stories/PE_News_Local_H_hiednotes31.32964ba.html. Retrieved 2007-12-31. 
  59. ↑ Husing, John (January 2004). "New Data provide detailed look at Inland Empire's Looming Strengths & Difficulties" (PDF). Inland Empire Quarterly Economic Report (Redlands: Economics & Politics, Inc) 16 (1). http://www.johnhusing.com/QER%20Jan%202004%20web.pdf. Retrieved 2007-12-01. 
  60. ↑ Brown, Josh (November 16, 2007). "Inland job growth remains steady in October, according to state". Press Enterprise. http://www.pe.com/business/local/stories/PE_Biz_D_jobs17.25e1250.html. Retrieved 2007-11-25. 
  61. ↑ Pierson, David (2008-11-22). "Surge in unemployment puts California's Inland Empire in tailspin". Los Angeles Times (Tribune Company). http://www.latimes.com/la-fi-nojobs22-2008nov22,0,4845835.story. Retrieved 2008-12-19. 
  62. ↑ Katzanek, Jack (2010-03-11). "Unemployment rate hits record high". Press-Enterprise. http://www.pe.com/localnews/stories/PE_News_Local_W_jobs11.38c5505.html. Retrieved 11 March 2010. 
  63. ↑ Weeks, John (2006-11-10). "Inland Empire - a pop culture bastion". San Bernardino County Sun. http://www.sbsun.com/search/ci_4639257. Retrieved 2007-12-17. 
  64. ↑ Flansburg, Darcie (2006-09-21). "Musikministeriet, new music label in town". Redlands Daily Facts. http://www.redlandsdailyfacts.com/factsonfilm/ci_4374694. Retrieved 2007-12-11. 
  65. ↑ Franko, Vanessa (September 21, 2007). "Riverside record shop turns the tables". Press Enterprise. http://www.pe.com/entertainment/thingstodo/stories/PE_Ent_Guide_D_audiofile0921.22be6aa.html. Retrieved 2007-12-11. 
  66. ↑ Novick, La Rue (2005-05-17). "Oh what a night". Inland Valley Daily Bulletin. http://www.dailybulletin.com/livinghere/ci_2733039. Retrieved 2007-12-11. 
  67. ↑ http://web.minorleaguebaseball.com/team2/page.jsp?ymd=20100310&content_id=8748902&vkey=team2_t401&fext=.jsp&sid=t401
  68. ↑ "Radio and Records: Ratings". http://www.radioandrecords.com/RRRatings/DetailsPage.aspx?MID=216&RY=2007&RQ=1&MP=2&OTHER=2&MN=Riverside-San%20Bernardino&MS=CA&MR=25&12P=1806800&UP=4/4/2007&SU=CM&BPER=9.0&HPER=42.1&OPER=&NSD=5/1/2007&CE=0. Retrieved 2008-06-20. 
  69. ↑ Pierceall, Kimberly (November 6, 2007). "Writer's Guild strike felt to lesser extent in Inland area". Press Enterprise. http://www.pe.com/business/local/stories/PE_Biz_D_wgastrike07.33ba587.html. Retrieved 2007-11-26. 
  70. ↑ Davis, Sherri (January 2007). "Economic Impact Report" (PDF). Film Inland Empire News (Riverside: Inland Empire Film Commission) 2 (1). http://www.filminlandempire.com/misc/documents/fien_january_2007.pdf. Retrieved 2007-11-25. 

External links

Inland Empire at the Open Directory Project

Inland Empire
Counties Downtown San Bernardino.jpg
Major cities
Cities and towns
100k-200k
Cities and towns
25k-100k
Apple Valley • Cathedral City • Chino • Chino Hills • Colton • Menifee • Hemet • Hesperia • Highland • Montclair • Indio • Lake Elsinore • Palm Desert • Palm Springs • Perris • Redlands • Rialto • Rubidoux • San Jacinto • Upland • Valle Vista • Wildomar • Yucaipa
Cities and towns
10k-25k
Adelanto • Banning • Barstow • Beaumont • Big Bear Lake • Bloomington • Blythe • Cabazon • Canyon Lake • Coachella • Crestline • Desert Hot Springs • Glen Avon • Grand Terrace • La Quinta • Loma Linda • Mira Loma • Norco • Pedley • Rancho Mirage • Twentynine Palms • Yucca Valley
Cities and towns
under 10k
Big Bear City • Calimesa • Devore • El Cerrito • Oak Glen • Highgrove • Home Gardens • Indian Wells • Joshua Tree • Lake Arrowhead • Mentone • Muscoy • Needles • Romoland • San Antonio Heights • Sunnyslope • Wrightwood • Woodcrest
Regions
Coachella Valley • Colorado Desert • Cucamonga Valley • High Desert • Morongo Basin • San Bernardino Valley • San Jacinto Valley • Victor Valley